Matplotlib 3D绘图完全指南 - 3D散点图、曲面图、柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# 或者使用快捷方式（matplotlib 3.2+）
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(42)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))

# 3D散点图
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121, projection='3d')
n = 100
x = np.random.randn(n)
y = np.random.randn(n)
z = np.random.randn(n)
colors = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2)

ax1.scatter(x, y, z, c=colors, cmap='viridis', s=50, alpha=0.7)
ax1.set_title('3D Scatter Plot')
ax1.set_xlabel('X')
ax1.set_ylabel('Y')
ax1.set_zlabel('Z')

# 3D线图 - 螺旋线
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122, projection='3d')
t = np.linspace(0, 4 * np.pi, 200)
x2 = np.sin(t)
y2 = np.cos(t)
z2 = t

ax2.plot(x2, y2, z2, 'b-', linewidth=2)
ax2.set_title('3D Line Plot (Helix)')
ax2.set_xlabel('X')
ax2.set_ylabel('Y')
ax2.set_zlabel('Z')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('3d_scatter_line.png', dpi=100, bbox_inches='tight')
print("3D散点与线图已保存")

3D散点与线图已保存

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(14, 5))

# 生成网格数据
x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)
y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))

# 曲面图
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(131, projection='3d')
surf = ax1.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis', alpha=0.9)
ax1.set_title('Surface Plot')
fig.colorbar(surf, ax=ax1, shrink=0.5)

# 线框图
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(132, projection='3d')
ax2.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, color='blue', rstride=5, cstride=5, alpha=0.6)
ax2.set_title('Wireframe Plot')

# 等高线+曲面
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(133, projection='3d')
ax3.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='coolwarm', alpha=0.7)
ax3.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-1.5, cmap='coolwarm')
ax3.set_zlim(-1.5, 1)
ax3.set_title('Surface + Contour')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('3d_surface.png', dpi=100, bbox_inches='tight')
print("3D曲面图已保存")

3D曲面图已保存

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(14, 5))

# 3D柱状图
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(131, projection='3d')
x_pos = [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]
y_pos = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
z_pos = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
dx = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
dy = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
dz = [3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 1]
colors = ['#2196F3', '#4CAF50', '#FF9800', '#9C27B0', '#F44336', '#00BCD4']

ax1.bar3d(x_pos, y_pos, z_pos, dx, dy, dz, color=colors, alpha=0.8)
ax1.set_title('3D Bar Chart')

# 不同视角对比
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(132, projection='3d')
t = np.linspace(0, 4*np.pi, 100)
ax2.plot(np.sin(t), np.cos(t), t, 'r-', linewidth=2)
ax2.view_init(elev=0, azim=0)
ax2.set_title('View: elev=0, azim=0')

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(133, projection='3d')
ax3.plot(np.sin(t), np.cos(t), t, 'r-', linewidth=2)
ax3.view_init(elev=60, azim=45)
ax3.set_title('View: elev=60, azim=45')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('3d_bar_view.png', dpi=100, bbox_inches='tight')
print("3D柱状图与视角已保存")

3D柱状图与视角已保存