requests Response对象详解 - 状态码解析与数据提取技巧

import requests

response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')

print(f"状态码: {response.status_code}")
print(f"状态描述: {response.reason}")
print(f"是否成功: {response.ok}")
print(f"编码: {response.encoding}")
print(f"最终URL: {response.url}")
print(f"请求耗时: {response.elapsed}")
print(f"响应头Content-Type: {response.headers.get('Content-Type')}")

状态码: 200
状态描述: OK
是否成功: True
编码: utf-8
最终URL: https://httpbin.org/get
请求耗时: 0:00:00.352000
响应头Content-Type: application/json

import requests

response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/json')

# 方式1：text属性 - 获取文本内容
print(f"text类型: {type(response.text)}")
print(f"text前80字符: {response.text[:80]}")

# 方式2：content属性 - 获取二进制内容
print(f"\ncontent类型: {type(response.content)}")
print(f"content长度: {len(response.content)} 字节")

# 方式3：json()方法 - 解析JSON
data = response.json()
print(f"\njson()类型: {type(data)}")
print(f"JSON键: {list(data.keys())}")

text类型: <class 'str'>
text前80字符: {
  "slideshow": {
    "author": "Yours Truly",
    "date": "date of publication",

content类型: <class 'bytes'>
content长度: 429 字节

json()类型: <class 'dict'>
JSON键: ['slideshow']

import requests

# 正常请求
response1 = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/status/200')
print(f"200状态码: {response1.status_code}, ok={response1.ok}")

# 404请求
response2 = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/status/404')
print(f"404状态码: {response2.status_code}, ok={response2.ok}")

# 使用raise_for_status()自动抛出异常
try:
    response3 = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/status/500')
    response3.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
    print(f"HTTPError捕获: {e}")

# 重定向信息追踪
response4 = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/redirect/2')
print(f"\n重定向次数: {len(response4.history)}")
print(f"中间URL: {[r.url for r in response4.history]}")
print(f"最终URL: {response4.url}")

200状态码: 200, ok=True
404状态码: 404, ok=False
HTTPError捕获: 500 Server Error for url: https://httpbin.org/status/500

重定向次数: 2
中间URL: ['https://httpbin.org/redirect/2', 'https://httpbin.org/redirect/1']
最终URL: https://httpbin.org/get