Python XML文件操作 - ElementTree解析与创建XML完整

# XML文件操作相关语法示例
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 解析XML文件
tree = ET.parse('file.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

# 创建XML元素
root = ET.Element('root')
child = ET.SubElement(root, 'child')
child.text = '内容'

# 写入XML文件
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write('output.xml', encoding='utf-8')

# 基本用法示例
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 示例1：解析XML字符串
xml_data = '''<?xml version="1.0"?>
<books>
    <book id="1">
        <title>Python教程</title>
        <author>张三</author>
    </book>
</books>'''

root = ET.fromstring(xml_data)
print(f"根标签: {root.tag}")

# 遍历子元素
for book in root.findall('book'):
    title = book.find('title').text
    author = book.find('author').text
    print(f"书名: {title}, 作者: {author}")

# 详细代码示例
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 示例1：读取XML文件
def read_xml(filename):
    tree = ET.parse(filename)
    root = tree.getroot()
    
    for item in root:
        print(f"标签: {item.tag}, 属性: {item.attrib}")
        for child in item:
            print(f"  子标签: {child.tag}, 内容: {child.text}")

# 示例2：创建XML文件
def create_xml(filename):
    root = ET.Element('students')
    
    student1 = ET.SubElement(root, 'student', id='001')
    ET.SubElement(student1, 'name').text = '李四'
    ET.SubElement(student1, 'age').text = '20'
    
    student2 = ET.SubElement(root, 'student', id='002')
    ET.SubElement(student2, 'name').text = '王五'
    ET.SubElement(student2, 'age').text = '22'
    
    tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
    tree.write(filename, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

# 示例3：修改XML文件
def modify_xml(filename):
    tree = ET.parse(filename)
    root = tree.getroot()
    
    # 修改元素内容
    for student in root.findall('student'):
        if student.get('id') == '001':
            student.find('age').text = '21'
    
    tree.write(filename, encoding='utf-8')

# 示例4：删除XML元素
def delete_element(filename, student_id):
    tree = ET.parse(filename)
    root = tree.getroot()
    
    for student in root.findall('student'):
        if student.get('id') == student_id:
            root.remove(student)
    
    tree.write(filename, encoding='utf-8')