Socket编程基础 - Python网络编程入门教程

import socket

# 创建TCP Socket（IPv4）
tcp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 创建UDP Socket（IPv4）
udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

# 创建IPv6 Socket
ipv6_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 查看可用的地址族和套接字类型
import socket

print("可用的地址族:")
print(f"AF_INET: {socket.AF_INET}")
print(f"AF_INET6: {socket.AF_INET6}")

print("\n可用的套接字类型:")
print(f"SOCK_STREAM: {socket.SOCK_STREAM}")
print(f"SOCK_DGRAM: {socket.SOCK_DGRAM}")
print(f"SOCK_RAW: {socket.SOCK_RAW}")

# 常用Socket方法一览
import socket

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 绑定地址（服务端）
sock.bind(('localhost', 8080))

# 监听连接（TCP服务端）
sock.listen(5)  # 最大等待连接数

# 接受连接（TCP服务端）
conn, addr = sock.accept()

# 连接服务器（TCP客户端）
sock.connect(('localhost', 8080))

# 发送数据
sock.send(b'Hello World')
sock.sendall(b'Complete message')  # 确保全部发送

# 接收数据
data = sock.recv(1024)

# UDP发送/接收
udp_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
udp_sock.sendto(b'Hello', ('localhost', 8080))
data, addr = udp_sock.recvfrom(1024)

# 关闭Socket
sock.close()

# tcp_echo_server.py - TCP回显服务器
import socket

def start_echo_server(host='localhost', port=8080):
    """启动TCP回显服务器"""
    # 创建TCP Socket
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as server_sock:
        # 设置SO_REUSEADDR，允许端口重用
        server_sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        
        # 绑定地址和端口
        server_sock.bind((host, port))
        
        # 开始监听
        server_sock.listen(5)
        print(f"服务器启动，监听 {host}:{port}")
        
        while True:
            # 等待客户端连接
            conn, addr = server_sock.accept()
            with conn:
                print(f"客户端已连接: {addr}")
                while True:
                    data = conn.recv(1024)
                    if not data:
                        break
                    print(f"收到: {data.decode('utf-8')}")
                    # 回显数据
                    conn.sendall(data)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_echo_server()

# tcp_echo_client.py - TCP回显客户端
import socket

def echo_client(message, host='localhost', port=8080):
    """连接到回显服务器并发送消息"""
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as client_sock:
        # 连接服务器
        client_sock.connect((host, port))
        
        # 发送消息
        client_sock.sendall(message.encode('utf-8'))
        
        # 接收回显
        data = client_sock.recv(1024)
        print(f"服务器回显: {data.decode('utf-8')}")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    echo_client("Hello, Socket!")

# udp_server.py - UDP服务器
import socket

def udp_server(host='localhost', port=9090):
    """UDP服务器"""
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as udp_sock:
        udp_sock.bind((host, port))
        print(f"UDP服务器启动，监听 {host}:{port}")
        
        while True:
            data, addr = udp_sock.recvfrom(1024)
            print(f"收到 {addr}: {data.decode('utf-8')}")
            # 发送响应
            udp_sock.sendto(b"Message received", addr)

# udp_client.py - UDP客户端
def udp_client(message, host='localhost', port=9090):
    """UDP客户端"""
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as udp_sock:
        udp_sock.sendto(message.encode('utf-8'), (host, port))
        response, addr = udp_sock.recvfrom(1024)
        print(f"服务器响应: {response.decode('utf-8')}")