Python pathlib模块 - 面向对象的路径操作

from pathlib import Path

# 创建Path对象
path = Path('myfile.txt')
print(path)  # myfile.txt

from pathlib import Path

# 从字符串创建
path1 = Path('myfile.txt')

# 从多个部分拼接
path2 = Path('home', 'user', 'documents')

# 使用 / 操作符拼接路径（推荐）
path3 = Path('home') / 'user' / 'documents' / 'file.txt'

# 获取当前工作目录
cwd = Path.cwd()

# 获取用户主目录
home = Path.home()

from pathlib import Path

path = Path('/home/user/documents/report.pdf')

print(path.name)       # report.pdf
print(path.stem)       # report
print(path.suffix)     # .pdf
print(path.suffixes)   # ['.pdf']
print(path.parent)     # /home/user/documents
print(path.parents)    # 所有父目录
print(path.parts)      # ('/', 'home', 'user', 'documents', 'report.pdf')
print(path.anchor)     # /

# 处理多个扩展名
path2 = Path('archive.tar.gz')
print(path2.suffix)    # .gz
print(path2.suffixes)  # ['.tar', '.gz']
print(path2.stem)      # archive.tar

from pathlib import Path

path = Path('myfile.txt')

# 判断路径是否存在
print(path.exists())

# 判断是否为文件或目录
print(path.is_file())
print(path.is_dir())

# 判断是否为绝对路径
print(path.is_absolute())

# 转换为绝对路径
abs_path = path.resolve()
print(abs_path)

# 获取相对于另一个路径的相对路径
base = Path('/home/user')
target = Path('/home/user/documents/file.txt')
relative = target.relative_to(base)
print(relative)  # documents/file.txt

from pathlib import Path

# 创建单个目录
Path('new_dir').mkdir()

# 创建多级目录（类似mkdir -p）
Path('parent/child/grandchild').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

# 删除空目录
Path('empty_dir').rmdir()

# 删除文件
Path('file.txt').unlink()

# 删除文件（如果存在）
path = Path('file.txt')
if path.exists():
    path.unlink()

from pathlib import Path

# 迭代目录内容
for item in Path('.').iterdir():
    print(item.name)

# 查找特定类型的文件（不递归）
for py_file in Path('.').glob('*.py'):
    print(py_file.name)

# 递归查找所有Python文件
for py_file in Path('.').rglob('*.py'):
    print(py_file)

# 使用通配符匹配
for txt_file in Path('documents').glob('**/*.txt'):
    print(txt_file)

# 查找所有目录
for dir_path in Path('.').rglob('*'):
    if dir_path.is_dir():
        print(dir_path)

from pathlib import Path

# 读取文本文件
path = Path('example.txt')
content = path.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
print(content)

# 写入文本文件
Path('output.txt').write_text('Hello, World!', encoding='utf-8')

# 追加文本
with Path('log.txt').open('a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write('New log entry\n')

# 读取二进制文件
image_data = Path('image.png').read_bytes()

# 写入二进制文件
Path('copy.png').write_bytes(image_data)

# 使用with语句（适用于大文件）
with Path('large_file.txt').open('r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    for line in f:
        print(line.strip())

from pathlib import Path

def batch_rename(directory, old_suffix, new_suffix):
    """批量修改文件扩展名"""
    dir_path = Path(directory)
    
    if not dir_path.is_dir():
        print('目录不存在')
        return
    
    count = 0
    for file in dir_path.glob(f'*{old_suffix}'):
        if file.is_file():
            new_name = file.with_suffix(new_suffix)
            file.rename(new_name)
            print(f'已重命名: {file.name} -> {new_name.name}')
            count += 1
    
    print(f'共重命名了 {count} 个文件')

# batch_rename('./documents', '.txt', '.md')

from pathlib import Path

def find_files_by_type(directory, file_type):
    """在目录中递归查找指定类型的文件"""
    dir_path = Path(directory)
    
    if file_type.startswith('.'):
        file_type = file_type[1:]  # 移除开头的点
    
    found_files = list(dir_path.rglob(f'*.{file_type}'))
    
    print(f'找到 {len(found_files)} 个.{file_type}文件:')
    for f in found_files:
        print(f'  {f}')
    
    return found_files

# find_files_by_type('./my_project', 'py')

from pathlib import Path
import datetime

def get_file_info(filepath):
    """获取文件的详细信息"""
    path = Path(filepath)
    
    if not path.exists():
        print('文件不存在')
        return
    
    stat = path.stat()
    mod_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime)
    create_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_ctime)
    
    info = {
        '文件名': path.name,
        '文件大小': f'{stat.st_size} 字节',
        '创建时间': create_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
        '修改时间': mod_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
        '是否为文件': path.is_file(),
        '是否为目录': path.is_dir(),
        '绝对路径': path.resolve(),
    }
    
    for key, value in info.items():
        print(f'{key}: {value}')

# get_file_info('example.txt')

from pathlib import Path
import shutil

def organize_files(directory):
    """按扩展名组织目录中的文件"""
    dir_path = Path(directory)
    
    if not dir_path.is_dir():
        print('目录不存在')
        return
    
    for file in dir_path.iterdir():
        if file.is_file():
            # 根据扩展名创建子目录
            ext = file.suffix.lower()
            if ext:
                # 移除开头的点，使用扩展名作为目录名
                dir_name = ext[1:] if ext.startswith('.') else ext
                target_dir = dir_path / dir_name
                target_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
                
                # 移动文件
                target_path = target_dir / file.name
                file.rename(target_path)
                print(f'已移动: {file.name} -> {dir_name}/')

# organize_files('./downloads')

from pathlib import Path

def get_directory_size(directory):
    """计算目录的总大小"""
    dir_path = Path(directory)
    total_size = 0
    
    for file in dir_path.rglob('*'):
        if file.is_file():
            total_size += file.stat().st_size
    
    return total_size

def format_size(size_bytes):
    """格式化文件大小显示"""
    for unit in ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB']:
        if size_bytes < 1024.0:
            return f'{size_bytes:.2f} {unit}'
        size_bytes /= 1024.0

# size = get_directory_size('./my_project')
# print(f'目录大小: {format_size(size)}')